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CHAPTER 21 - The Linux System > 21.8 Input and Output

21.8 Input and Output

To the user, the I/O system in Linux looks much like that in any UNIX system. That is, to the extent possible, all device drivers appear as normal files. Users can open an access channel to a device in the same way they opens any other file—devices can appear as objects within the file system. The system administrator can create special files within a file system that contain references to a specific device driver, and a user opening such a file will be able to read from and write to the device referenced. By using the normal file-protection system, which determines who can access which file, the administrator can set access permissions for each device.
Linux splits all devices into three classes: block devices, character devices, and network devices. Figure 21.10 illustrates the overall structure of the device-driver system.

  

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