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    The HDRI Handbook 2.0

    • The HDRI Handbook 2.0

    • By:

    • Publisher: Rocky Nook

    • Pub. Date:

    • Print ISBN-13: 978-1-937538-16-3

    • Pages in Print Edition: 672

    • Subscriber Rating: 0 out of 5 rating0 [0 Ratings]

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    Overview

    The HDRI Handbook 2.0 completely rewritten, with practical tips, breathtaking portfolios, new step-by-step tutorials and inspiring interviews. (BONUS DVD ONLY WITH HARD COPY!)

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    Top Level Categories:
    Digital Media

    Sub-Categories:
    Digital Media > Photography

    Table of Contents

     

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    Cover Page

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    Title Page

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    Copyright Page

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    Table of Contents

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    Foreword

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    Introduction
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    What you can expect from this book

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    What’s new in this second edition?

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    A Brief History of HDR

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    What HDR Means Today
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    At this point we can distinguish between two types of HDR.

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    Five advantages of HDRI for professional image editing

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    Road Map

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    Chapter 1: The Background Story

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    1.1 Basic Questions
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    1.1.1 What is dynamic range?

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    1.1.2 What was an exposure value again?

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    1.1.3 How can we use EVs to measure the dynamic range?

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    1.1.4 Isn’t dynamic range an audio unit?

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    1.1.5 Ah… bit depth! So 32-bit images are HDR images, right?

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    1.1.6 Tell me then, what is HDRI?

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    1.2 How We See the World
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    1.2.1 Adaptation

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    1.2.2 Nonlinear response

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    1.2.3 Local adaptation

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    1.3 How Lifelike Is Film Photography?
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    1.3.1 The chemistry that makes it work

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    1.3.2 Where the chemistry is flawed

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    1.3.3 How about analog postprocessing?

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    1.3.4 What’s wrong with digital?

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    1.4 Traditional Digital Images
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    1.4.1 Let’s talk about bits.

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    1.4.2 Great, that’s math 101. But how about images?

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    1.4.3 Born to be seen through gamma goggles

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    1.4.4 Limitations of this output-referring standard

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    1.4.5 More bits

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    1.4.6 Nondestructive editing

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    1.5 Splitting the Bit
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    1.5.1 Seeing is believing

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    1.5.2 Rethinking color management

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    1.5.3 So, HDR workflow is better than RAW workflow?

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    1.5.4 But what is the immediate advantage?

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    1.6 Output Media
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    1.6.1 The death of the cathode ray tube

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    1.6.2 The chicken-and-egg problem

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    1.6.3 On into a bright future

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    1.7 Chapter 1 Quiz

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    1.8 Spotlight: Trey Ratcliff

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    Chapter 2: New Tools

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    2.1 HDR File Format Reviews
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    2.1.1 RAW Formats (.raw/.nef/.crw/.orf/.dng/ …)

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    The Good, the Bad …

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    … and the Ugly

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    Where is our savior?

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    Okay, so does it make sense to shoot in RAW format?

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    But does it make sense to archive my RAW pictures?

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    2.1.2 Cineon and DPX (.cin/.dpx)

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    How to file a film negative

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    Unfortunately uncompressed

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    2.1.3 Portable Float Map (.pfm/.pbm)

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    A big dumb space eater

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    2.1.4 Floating-Point TIFF (.tif/.tiff/.psd)

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    Whatever you want it to be

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    Has all the features, but none of them reliable

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    What it’s good for

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    2.1.5 Radiance (.hdr/.pic)

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    Accidentally founding HDRI

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    The magical fourth channel

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    More range than we’d ever need

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    So when should we use this format, then?

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    2.1.6 TIFF LogLuv (.tif)

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    Made to match human perception

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    Using TIFF LogLuv in practice

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    2.1.7 OpenEXR (.exr/.sxr)

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    16 is the new 32

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    Compression and features

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    Update: Current state of EXR support

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    2.1.8 High Dynamic Range JPEG (.jpg/.fjpg)

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    The story of ERI

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    The way of FJPEG

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    The future of JPEG-HDR

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    Are we there yet?

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    2.1.9 Windows JPEG-XR/HD Photo (.wdp/.hdp/.jxr)

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    2.1.10 Private Formats

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    2.2 HDR File Format Comparison
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    2.2.1 Size matters!

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    2.2.2 Conclusion

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    2.3 HDR Software Reviews
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    2.3.1 Mac OS X

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    Just look, don’t touch!

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    2.3.2 FastPictureViewer Codec Pack

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    2.3.3 Adobe Bridge

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    2.3.4 XnView

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    2.3.5 Bracket

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    2.3.6 Photosphere

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    2.3.7 HDR Shop

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    2.3.8 Picturenaut

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    2.3.9 Photomatix Pro

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    2.3.10 FDRTools Advanced

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    2.3.11 Hydra Pro

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    2.3.12 HDR Expose

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    2.3.13 HDR Express

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    2.3.14 Dynamic Photo HDR

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    2.3.15 PhotoEngine

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    2.3.16 SNS-HDR Pro

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    2.3.17 HDR Photo Pro

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    2.3.18 HDR Efex Pro

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    2.3.19 Fhotoroom HDR

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    2.3.20 CinePaint/GIMP

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    2.3.21 Photoshop CS5

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    2.4 HDR Software Comparison
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    2.4.1 Bottom line

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    2.5 Forgotten Something?

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    2.6 Compositing Software
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    2.6.1 After Effects

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    2.6.2 Fusion

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    2.6.3 Composite

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    2.6.4 Nuke

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    2.7 HDR Plug-Ins
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    2.7.1 ProEXR

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    2.7.2 OpenEXR Alpha plug-in

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    2.7.3 Tonemapping Plug-Ins for Photoshop

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    2.7.4 Lightroom Plug-Ins

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    2.7.5 32 Float

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    2.7.6 Magic Bullet PhotoLooks

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    2.7.7 Filter Forge

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    2.7.8 Atlas

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    2.7.9 Ginger HDR

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    2.8 iPhone Apps

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    2.9 Chapter 2 Quiz

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    2.10 Spotlight: Luke Kaven

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    Chapter 3: Capturing HDR Images

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    3.1 Digital Imaging Sensors
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    3.1.1 The Problem

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    Getting a better minimum signal

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    Evolution

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    3.1.2 CCDs and Orange Trees

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    3.1.3 CMOS Sensors Are Different

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    It’s getting tight in there

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    3.1.4 Backside Illumination

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    3.1.5 High Gain – Low Gain

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    3.1.6 Digital Pixel Sensor

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    Beyond photography

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    Prospects

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    3.1.7 Spatially Varying Exposure

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    3.1.8 Super CCD

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    A remarkably different sensor

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    New direction

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    Convincing the market

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    3.1.9 Beamsplitter and Dedicated Optics

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    3.1.10 Quo Vadis?

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    3.2 Bracketing and Merging HDRIs
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    3.2.1 Exposure Bracketing

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    A word on analog

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    What is in your backpack?

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    Camera settings

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    Shooting brackets

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    Double-check the histogram!

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    So, how many exposures does it really take?

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    Ghosts and other fundamental issues

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    3.2.2 Faster, Further, Automatic!

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    Shooting with autobracketing

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    Bracketing order

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    JPEG or RAW?

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    The double-burst trick

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    Handheld capture

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    Tripod capture

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    Don’t touch this

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    Tethered shooting

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    External Bracketing Controllers

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    Hacking your camera

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    Bracketing comparison

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    3.2.3 Calibrating Your Camera

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    What the camera response curve is all about

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    Does that really work from just looking at plain images?

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    Gamma or self-calibration or predetermined curve? That is the question!

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    Shooting a reference sequence

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    Good old HDR Shop shows the camera curve

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    Calibration today

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    3.2.4 Pre-processing RAW Files

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    Lightroom 4 Update

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    3.2.5 Merging to HDRI

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    Less or more? Crisp or smooth?

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    Weighting: Trim the fat!

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    3.2.6 Alignment Strategies

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    Median threshold bitmap matching

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    Manual corrections

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    Pattern recognition

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    Wrapping up

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    3.2.7 Ghostbusters!

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    Optical Flow

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    3.2.8 Inspection Time

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    Exploring HDR images in Picturenaut

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    Navigating Photoshop in 32-bit mode

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    HDR viewer in Photomatix

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    3.2.9 Pseudo HDRI from a Single RAW File

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    No detour necessary!

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    3.2.10 Batch Me Up!

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    3.3 Cleanup in Photoshop
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    Don’t throw it all away yet!

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    3.3.1 Dust and Object Removal

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    3.3.2 Perspective Correction and Cropping

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    Perfectly straight is not always the answer

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    3.3.3 Perfect White Balance

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    No limits!

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    3.4 Chapter 3 Quiz

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    3.5 Spotlight: Michael James

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    Chapter 4: Tonemapping
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    Back to normal

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    4.1 Hello Operator?
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    4.1.1 Global Operators

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    Exposure and Gamma

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    Logarithmic Compression

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    Photoreceptor

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    Equalize Histogram

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    In a nutshell

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    4.1.2 Local Operators

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    Photomatix – Details Enhancer

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    Photoshop – Local Adaptation

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    The Frequency Domain

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    Decomposition & Recombination

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    In a nutshell

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    4.2 The Art of Toning
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    4.2.1 Disciplines and Objectives

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    Natural toning

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    New impressionism

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    Haze removal

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    Texture extraction

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    Real-time rendering

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    4.3 Best Practice Tips
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    4.3.1 Seven Aesthetic Considerations

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    Details attract the eye

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    Never underestimate your audience

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    Don’t be afraid of the dark

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    Size does matter

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    Define your output medium

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    At night all cats are gray

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    Texture versus lighting

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    4.3.2 Systematic Approach with Zones

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    Enter the zone system

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    Call them by name!

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    4.3.3 Beware of Common Artifacts

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    Halos

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    Tone reversal

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    Noise boost

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    Oversaturation

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    Flattening

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    Webbing

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    4.4 Workflow Examples
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    Calibrate your monitor today!

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    4.4.1 Monumental Landscape (with Photomatix & Photoshop)

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    4.4.2 Rear Window of Room 822 (with PhotoEngine & Photoshop)

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    4.4.3 Urban Exploration and Grunge Looks (with HDR Efex & Photoshop)

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    Keep a straight face

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    Further down the rabbit hole

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    4.4.4 Two Steps Forward, One Step Back (with Anything & Photoshop)

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    4.4.5 Manual Dodge-and-Burn Techniques (with Photoshop)

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    Advanced techniques

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    Moving pictures

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    The final frontier

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    4.4.6 Painterly and Stylized Looks

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    4.4.7 Toning 360 Panoramas

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    In a nutshell

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    4.5 Chapter 4 Quiz

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    4.6 Spotlight: AntoXIII

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    Chapter 5: HDR Image Processing

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    5.1 Taking Advantage of the Full Dynamic Range
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    5.1.1 Day for Night by Blocking Light

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    5.1.2 Understanding the Color Picker

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    5.1.3 Painting with Light

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    5.1.4 Color Grading with Levels

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    5.2 Effect Filters the More Effective Way
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    5.2.1 Motion Blur

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    5.2.2 Glow and Bleeding

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    Glow in After Effects

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    Bokeh effects

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    5.2.3 Vignetting

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    5.2.4 Film Looks

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    5.3 Common Gotchas
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    5.3.1 Will It Blend?

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    Add is the new Screen

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    Stay on the safe side

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    5.3.2 Beware the Curve Inversion!

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    5.3.3 Eighteen Percent Gray

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    Edge case

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    Three words: linear color space!

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    Perceptual mid-gray in the real world

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    In practice

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    5.3.4 Safe and Unsafe Resampling Filters

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    5.3.5 Don’t Be So Negative!

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    In a nutshell

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    5.4 Chapter 5 Quiz

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    5.5 Spotlight: Kirt Witte

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    Chapter 6: Panoramic HDR Images

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    6.1 Pano Lingo
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    6.1.1 Field of View

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    6.1.2 Image Projections

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    Spherical map/latitude-longitude/equirectangular

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    Cubic map/horizontal cross/vertical cross

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    Cylindrical map

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    Angular map/light probe

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    Other projections

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    Comparison table

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    6.1.3 Yaw, Pitch, and Roll

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    6.2 One-Shot Cameras
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    SpheroCam HDR

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    Panoscan MK-3

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    Civetta

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    HDR-Cam

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    6.3 Mirror Ball Technique
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    6.3.1 Looking into a Mirror

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    But that’s not really 360 degrees, is it?

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    Got balls?

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    Ball on a stick

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    6.3.2 The Shoot

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    6.3.3 Putting the Panorama Together

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    Merge to HDR

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    Problem areas

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    Stitching the balls together in Photoshop

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    6.4 Segmental Capture
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    6.4.1 Basic Premises

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    Sectors must overlap!

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    Turn around the nodal point!

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    Shoot consistent exposures!

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    6.4.2 Getting the Right Gear

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    Tripod

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    Lens

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    Fisheye lenses

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    Circular or full frame?

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    Panoramic heads

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    Universal spherical heads

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    High-precision heads

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    Fisheye heads

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    Robotic heads

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    6.4.3 Finding the Nodal Point

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    First axis

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    Second axis

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    Fisheye lenses and the nodal point

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    How accurate does it have to be?

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    6.4.4 Planning for the Right Angles

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    How many sectors do we need?

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    The routine rule of thumb: Don’t part anything!

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    Dealing with the sun

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    6.4.5 The Shoot

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    Camera settings

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    Photographic workflow

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    Light probe workflow

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    Take notes

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    Now shoot as fast you can!

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    Consistency is your friend.

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    Make yourself invisible.

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    Shooting the nadir

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    6.4.6 Putting It All Together

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    Which way to go?

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    1. The old-school way:

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    2. The careful way:

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    3. The hybrid way:

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    4. The quick way:

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    Get organized!

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    6.4.7 Direct HDR Stitching with PTGui Pro

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    What are those mysterious control points?

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    Good and bad control points

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    Workflow alternative

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    6.4.8 Removing the Tripod

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    Before or after tonemapping?

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    6.4.9 Hybrid Stitching Workflow

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    Batch HDR merging for panorama stitching

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    Double-check and refine

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    Why HDR?

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    Some miscellaneous hints

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    6.4.10 Big, Bigger, Giga

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    GlacierWorks

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    Preparation

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    Autopano

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    Finishing up

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    6.5 Skydomes
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    Shooting fast like no other

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    Unwrap and be done with it

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    Rescuing a hurried shoot

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    6.6 Comparison
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    Which technique is the right one for you?

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    6.7 Panoramas and Visual Effects
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    6.7.1 New Opportunities

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    What to shoot?

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    6.7.2 Set Etiquette

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    Pack your bag with redundancies.

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    Talk to the AD.

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    Be fast and efficient.

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    Go in after a successful take.

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    Be ready.

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    Capture the lights.

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    When your big moment has come, don’t panic.

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    6.7.3 Virtual Camera Pans

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    Where to go from here?

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    The big guns

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    6.7.4 Pano Reprojection

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    6.8 Chapter 6 Quiz

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    6.9 Spotlight: Greg Downing & Eric Hanson

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    Chapter 7: Image-Based Lighting

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    7.1 Principles of CGI
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    Modern times

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    7.1.1 Traditional Rendering

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    Faking it all together

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    Negative lights

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    Shadow mapping

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    Textures and ramps

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    7.1.2 Physically Based Rendering

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    Radiosity

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    Photon tracing

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    Unbiased renderers

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    The basic premise of them all

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    Physically plausible materials

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    7.1.3 Rendering with Natural Light

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    7.2 Brute Force Simulation: A Feasibility Study
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    The basic ingredients

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    Where does the environment image go?

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    Eyeballing the camera

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    What we put on the table

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    Crowd-sourced learning experience

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    What we really learned from this

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    7.3 Advanced Setup Techniques
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    7.3.1 Keeping It Straight

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    Why do my HDRI renderings turn out so dark?

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    The root of the problem

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    Linear workflow: Strip the gamma from LDR images!

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    Take the linear workflow to the next level!

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    Cheater’s workflow: Put the gamma into HDR images!

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    7.3.2 Compositing Is Your Friend

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    Keep your render buffers!

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    Tweaking reflections

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    Ambient occlusion—a pass like a poem

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    Deeper and deeper

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    Finishing touches

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    7.3.3 Sample Wisely: Split the Light!

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    Why are my HDRI renderings so noisy?

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    The universal trick for optimized sampling

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    Reflections

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    Background

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    Bigger backgrounds

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    How to handle the background ball

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    Flip it!

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    Place it by the camera!

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    Shadow catcher

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    Beware strong sunlight

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    Break out the essential lighting components: direct, diffuse, and specular.

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    7.3.4 Smart IBL

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    Back to the one-button solution

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    A universal pipeline tool

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    Are you a collector?

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    In a real VFX production

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    Creating and editing sIBL sets

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    It’s all open and free

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    7.4 Need More Space?
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    7.4.1 HDR Video Light Probes

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    Capture setup

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    Pre-processing

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    Easy going in 3D

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    7.4.2 Blend Multiple HDR Panos

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    7.4.3 Reconstruct the Set in 3D

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    New-school automation with point clouds

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    Manual reconstruction from a panorama

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    7.5 Light Rigs
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    7.5.1 Extracting Lights

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    LightGen

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    Importance sampling

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    LightBitch

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    Ye good old spinning light trick

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    What else is cool about light domes?

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    Artist-driven light rigs everywhere

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    Dome Lights

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    7.5.2 HDR Cookies

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    Grabbing a light

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    Pimp my light!

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    7.5.3 HDR Cards

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    Breaking out light cards

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    Capturing studio lights directly

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    Playing your cards right

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    Back to reality

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    Universally useful

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    7.6 Painting and Remixing HDRIs
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    HDR Light Studio

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    In a nutshell

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    7.7 Chapter 7 Quiz

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    7.8 Spotlight: Paul Debevec

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    Appendix
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    8.1 Glossary

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    8.2 Cheat Slips and Useful Charts

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    8.3 Recommended Literature

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    8.4 Last page

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    8.5 Thanks!

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    8.6 Index

    Extras

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