Cluster Origin of Solvent Features dissolved organic C. Kinetic studies reveal that pseudo-second order model follows empirical adsorption data. Intraparticular diffusion rate constant is higher for nanotube than powdered/granular activated C, as it renders more active sites to intraparticular diffusion. 18. Coupling plays a dominant role in metama- terial optical properties. Starting from plas- mon hybridization, bringing two plasmonic nanoparticles into proximity results in their coupling and hybridized modes formation. Coupling­symmetry rules are dependent on combining geometry and incoming light polarization. 19. Applications of metallic nanoparticles, for biosensing, are use of nanoparticle conduc- tivity properties for electrical wiring of redox enzymes with electrodes and implementa- tion of electrocatalytic properties of metal 3. According to Raoult's law, the saturation vapour pressure of a solvent above solution differs from the one above a pure solvent, by value proportional to concentration of solute particles. Solvent vapour flow, determined by pressure difference, enables dependence of solute particle concentration: a nonlinear dependence will indicate SWNT clusters in solution. Close packings are the tightest way to pack spheres: atoms and fullerenes being noth- ing but tiny spheres often arrange in this way. Furthermore, it is possible to deduce atomic structures of metal alloys, salts and oxides by fitting the voids of close-packed spheres. Several criteria were selected to reduce the analysis to a manageable quantity of packing properties and objects, from the enormous set of equal things. The former refers to three properties: packing closeness,