Expanding the Boundaries of Healthcare Human Resources Planning resources management. Healthcare human re- sources planners who explicitly incorporate basic economic relationships, organizational strategies, and cultural considerations have the potential to make planning a process that makes a substantial difference in helping healthcare organizations and other institutions reach established goals and objectives. limited to developing countries (Kolehmainen- Aitken, 1993, p. 12). The literature on HHRP presents several methods for organizations to consider when developing plans to provide care for a popula- tion of interest, which include population-based approaches, needs-based approaches, training output evaluation, demand assessment, and bench- marking (Rickets, 2005). Other researchers have proposed similar methodological categorizations (Kolehmainen-Aitken, 1993; O'Brien-Pallas et al., 2001). The evolution of these methods re- flects ongoing changes and dynamics that have occurred in the healthcare industry, particularly related to understanding the relationships between healthcare outcomes and the types and numbers of health professionals involved in care. HEALTHCARE HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING Healthcare human resources planning is a process that results in estimates of the quantity and types of healthcare professionals needed for a particu- lar community or population at a particular time (Birch, as cited in Birch et al., 2007). Although this process is clearly interdependent with other organizational processes, the historical and con- Population-Based