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Some of the basic differences between crash and media recovery are presented here for completeness in understanding recovery structures:
Two-pass recovery was introduced in Oracle 8i. Its history is tightly connected to the introduction of bounded recovery. Bounded time recovery is a feature that enables you to control the amount of time taken for crash recovery with some predetermined limits by specifying a suitable value for DB_BLOCK_MAX_DIRTY_TARGET. This feature allows you to specify an upper bound on the time (or number of block) required for instance and crash recovery. The fewer the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache at the time of the failure, the faster the recovery time. Remember that DB_BLOCK_MAX_DIRTY_TARGET is a hidden parameter since Oracle 9i.