Preface xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are thankful to Professor Dimitrios Soudris of Democritus University of Thrace for his important contributions to Chapter 9. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Sankar Basu of the National Science Foundation. Without his support, much of this research would not have been possible. The authors would also like to thank the MIT Lincoln Laboratories for providing foundry support for the 3-D test circuit and, more specifically, to Dr. Chenson Chen and Bruce Wheeler of MIT Lincoln Laboratories for their assistance during the 2 nd multi-project run. We would also like to thank Yunliang Zhu, Lin Zhang, and Professor Hui Wu of the University of Rochester for their help during the testing of the 3-D cir- cuit. Special thanks to Nopi Pavlidou for the creative design of the front cover of the book. Finally, this book would not have been possible without the continuous support and encouragement of Charles Glaser, who welcomed the idea of this book and prod- ded us throughout the writing process. Thanks, Chuck! The original research work presented in this book was made possible in part by the