Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier. 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA This book is printed on acid-free paper. # 2009 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks. In all instances in which Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more information regarding trademarks and registration. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means--electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, or otherwise--without prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (þ44) 1865 843830, fax: (þ44) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting "Support & Contact" then "Copyright and Permission" and then "Obtaining Permissions." Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Electronic design automation : synthesis, verification, and test/edited by Laung-Terng Wang, Yao-Wen Chang, Kwang-Ting (Tim) Cheng. p. cm. ISBN: 978-0-12-374364-0 (alk. paper) 1. Electronic circuit design­Data processing. 2. Computer-aided design. I. Wang, Laung-Terng, II. Chang, Yao-Wen. III. Cheng, Kwang-Ting, 1961­ TK7867.E4227 2008 621.39'5­dc22 2008041788 For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publications, visit our Web site at www.mkp.com Printed in the United States of America 08 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1