268 CHAPTER 15 Next-generation Internet architecture voice communication, social networking, etc. The design principles that were the basis for this architecture are described in more detail elsewhere [34]. Limitations in the Internet Due to the widespread use of the Internet for diverse applications, it has become clear that there are also a few limitations in the original Internet architecture. These limitations are mostly founded in the way the Internet Protocol (IP) operates. Because IP is the one protocol in the Internet that needs to be supported by every system and that is used every time data are communicated, these limitations impact the entire Internet. Examples of shortcomings in the Internet architecture include the following. · Lack of inherent security: Security in the current Internet relies on the use of either end-system protocols (e.g., Transport Layer Security) or supplementary network devices (e.g., firewalls or intrusion detection systems). There is no inherent support for security, as IP addresses do not provide strong identities (they can be spoofed easily) and routers forward packets without performing any verification on traffic. As discussed in Chapter 10, this shortcoming of