CHAPTER EDFAs, Raman Amplifiers and Hybrid Raman/EDFAs * 4 JDSU at Robbinsville, NJ John Zyskind*, Maxim Bolshtyansky** Oclaro, Inc. Acton, MA, ** CHAPTER OUTLINE HEAD 4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 4.2. An overview of EDFAs, DRAs AND HYBRID RAMAN/DRA..................................... 4.2.1. EDFA gain, output power, and noise figure ..................................... 4.2.2. DRA and hybrid Raman/EDFA gain and noise figure ........................ 4.3. Gain spectra and DWDM applications ............................................................. 4.3.1. DWDM amplifiers and average inversion......................................... 4.3.2. Spectral hole burning ................................................................... 4.4. EDFA dynamics ............................................................................................ 83 84 84 89 93 93 96 104