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250 CHAPTER 8 Amplifier issues for physical layer network control ACRONYMS ATOM DGE DGEF EDFA FCL LBO OSA ROADM WADM WDM A Transparent Optical Mesh simulation tool Dynamic Gain Equalization Dynamic gain equalizing filters Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers Fluctuating channel list Line break-out Optical spectrum analyzer Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer Wavelength add-drop modules Wavelength division multiplexing References [1] M. Zirngibl, Gain control in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by an all-optical feedback loop, Electron. Lett. 27 (1991) 560e561. [2] E. Delevaque, et al., Gain control in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by lasing at 1480 nm with written on fiber ends, Electron. Lett. 29 (1993) 1112e1113. [3] J.L. Zyskind, et al. Fast power transients in optically amplified multiwavelength optical networks. In Proceedings of the OFC'96 Tech. Digest, 1996, PD 31e1. [4] J. Nagel. The dynamic behaviour of amplified systems. In Proceedings of OFC'98 Tech. Digest, ThO3, 1998. [5] Y. Sun, et al., Fast power transients in WDM optical networks with cascaded EDFAs, Electron. Lett. 33 (1997) 313e314. [6] C.A. White, D.C. Kilper. Power stability and control in optically transparent mesh networks. In Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC'08, Tech. Digest, OThI1. Invited paper, 2008. [7] E.L. Goldstein, L. Eskildsen, C. Lin, R.E. Tench, Multiwavelength propagation in lightwave systems with strongly inverted amplifiers, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 6 (1994) 266e269. [8] C.R. Giles, E. Desurvire, Propagation of signal and noise in concatenated erbium- doped fiber amplifiers, J. Lightwave Technol. 9 (1991) 147e153. [9] D.C. Kilper, C.A. White. Fundamental saturated amplifier dynamics in transparent networks. In Proceedings of ECOC'05, 2005, We4.P.96. [10] D.C. Kilper, S. Chandrasekhar, C.A. White. Transient gain dynamics of cascaded erbium doped fiber amplifiers with re-configured channel loading. In Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC'06 Tech. Digest, 2006, OtuK6. [11] L. Tancevski, L.A. Rusch, A. Bononi, Gain control in EDFA's by pump compensation, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10 (1998) 1313e1315. [12] D.C. Kilper, C.A. White, S. Chandrasekhar, Control of channel power instabilities in constant gain amplified transparent networks using scalable mesh scheduling, J. Lightwave Technol. 26 (2008) 108e113.