3.3 Recent developments 53 3.3.3 The Business Rules Approach The Business Rules Approach took a broader perspective: it was developed as a system specification and implementation approach that treats rules as equal to, and independent of, data and process. A de- scription of it can be found on the Business Rules Group website 26 and in (Ross, Principles of the Business Rule Approach, 2003). 3.3.4 The Business Rules Manifesto The principles of the Business Rules Approach were subsequently distilled into the Business Rules Manifesto. Subtitled "The Principles of Rule Independence", version 2.0 27 of this document, edited by Ronald Ross, was published by the Business Rules Group in November 2003. It is reproduced here in full as allowed for by the copyright notice. 28 Article 1. 1.1. 1.2. Article 2. 2.1. 2.2. "Primary Requirements, Not Secondary "Rules are a first-class citizen of the requirements world. "Rules are essential for, and a discrete part of, business models and technology models. "Separate From Processes, Not Contained In Them "Rules are explicit constraints on behavior and/or provide support to behavior. "Rules are not process and not procedure. They should not be embedded in either of these.