342 Empirical estimation, 217­219, 326­327 Endogeneity problem, 281 End-user rates, 239 Energy charges, 239 demand for, 265­266, 266 efficiency, 1, 12 Energy Economics in 2008, 6 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, 83, 292­293 Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 1992, 47, 72­75, 82 Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 2005, 82­83, 235, 292­293 Energy price trends, 42 Energy services companies (ESCOs), 57­58 EnronOnline (EOL), 309 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1, 96 EPA, see Environmental Protection Agency EPRI, see Electric Power Research Institute Error components model, 207 ESCOs, see Energy services companies Estimation methods, 283­285 EWGs, see Exempt wholesale generators Four-factor model, 212 Franklin Delano Roosevelt's (FDR), 47 FTC, see Federal Trade Commission Fully distributed cost (FDC), 238­239 Functional forms, 111­112, 267 Functionalization, 237 Index G Generalized least squares (GLS), 208 Generalized Leontief model, 272­273 cost function, 216­217 elasticities, 220­224 substitution elasticities calculation, 325­326 Generalized method of moments (GMM), 180­187 Generation and transmission (G&T), 6 Georgia Power, 311 GHG, see Greenhouse gas GLS, see Generalized least squares Green power, 91 Greenhouse gas (GHG), 1, 193­194 Grid regionalization, 78­82 G&T, see Generation and transmission