346 Time-of-use electric tariff, 195 pricing, 232, 254­256, 310 effect on peak utility load, 313 impact on peak demand, 290 rates, 98, 254 Time-series cross-sectional data, 206 Total distribution cost, 25 Total revenue requirements, 237 Traditional price regulation, 22 Traditional regulatory system, 56 Translog form, substitution elasticities for, 215­216 Translog share equations, 214 Translogarithmic cost function, 103­104, 120­123, 144­145, 211­215 Transmission access, 74 Transmission companies, 53 True-up mechanism, 95 TVA, see Tennessee valley authority Two-part tariff, 246­247 with customer classes, 248 optimal two-part tariff, 249­250 utility rate, cross-subsidization, 250­251 Index U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2009, 191, 192 Utility distribution companies (UDCs), 56­57 Utility green power consumer option, 92 Utility's rates, 95 Utility's revenue requirement, 236 V Vertical integration definition, 35 of electric utilities, 34­35 and separability, 33­34, 36­37 Vertically integrated model federal power agencies, 45­47 investor-owned utilities, 42­44 IPP, 44 municipal utilities and publicly owned utilities, 44­45 nonutility power producers, 52 power marketing administrations, 49­50 power pools, 52 rural electric cooperatives, 50­52 TVA, 47­49