Systems Architecture 323 14.3 systEms arCHitECturE 14.3.1 desired Characteristics · Acustomerfocus. · Well-understood rules of the road and expectations of performance, withexplicitdecisioncriteria. · Respect for the need for a control system to assure accountability, thereby allowing effective decentralization: supervision is a waste. · Effectiveprocessesfordissolvinginternalconflicts.Therearenocon- flict-free organizations. Those that can deal with conflicts construc- tively can use them as the engine for the system's vitality. · Throughput-orientedrewards(notfunctionallyoriented).Suchincen- tive systems help dissolve structural conflicts while functionally ori- ented ones create them. · Oneintegratedsolutionforproblemsofreducingcostandwaste,com- pressingtime,increasingflexibility,andimprovingquality(asopposed to different solutions for each one). · Lean, simple, nonbureaucratic, and flexible organization with easy communication up and down.