280 Index inputs (Cont.) transfer function and, 60 transistors, 122 in voltage divider rule, 29­30 instruction decoders, 106 instruction memory, 106 insulators, electrons in, 3­4 integrals, 19 integrated circuits (ICs), 122­123 integrity, 232 interrupt-driven system, 121 interrupts, 107­108 in microprocessors/ microcontrollers, 119 switch bounce, 121 timing, 109­110 interview skills, 252­254 intuitive signal analysis (ISA), 19­22, 264 computer simulators and, 22 simulation and, 198 thumb rules for, 13­14 inverter-driven voltage doubler, 159 inverter oscillator, 156­157 inverters NOT gates, 97­98 in voltage doubler circuit, 158 ions, 3 IR compensation, 176 iron. See soldering irons italics, in written communication, 245 Juju journals, 223 junction temp, 78 junctions, 78, 264 K knowledge, of prospective employees, 250 L lab time, importance of, 21 ladder logic, 264 ladders, R2R, 140, 140 Laplace transform, 19, 62 laser light switch circuit, 160 launches, product, 258 law of inertia, 16 layoffs, 256 laziness, 10, 251 LC circuits, 18 resonance in, 52 LCDs (liquid crystal displays), 128­129 LCR circuits, 18 lead free solder, 202 leading vs. lagging, 49 leads, 264 least significant bits (LSB), 140 LEDs (light-emitting diodes), 92, 115, 126­129 multiplexing, 129­130 Lego engineering, 22­24 Lego Mindstorms, 168 level detect, 104 light-emitting diode (LEDs), 115, 130 LCDs, 128­129 multiplexing, 130, 130 switch-controlled, 126 line surges, 221, 223 linear, 264 linear amplifiers, transistor as, 73­74 J jargon, 44 jobs finding, 252­254 keeping, 254­256 Jobs, Steve, 231 juju beads, 219