Chapter 26 Health, Safety, and the Environment 909 loss of production while the equipment damage is being repaired. All three of these are estimated by detailed algorithms described in the guide. Three categories of mitigating factors are considered: process control, material isolation, and fire protection. Typical val- ues are used in the example. These allow the calculation of a loss control credit factor, which is used to correct the damage estimates. The final part of the analysis (bottom of Figure 26.2) is the calculation of probable loss of property and loss of business if a fire or explosion were to occur. The area likely to be damaged is estimated from the F&EI. The value of the equipment in this area ($5 mil- lion in the example) is used to estimate the likely property loss, which is a function of loss control credits. The business interruption loss is estimated based on (1) probable days of outage and (2) annual fixed costs plus before-tax profit. The Dow Chemical Hazards Index is a somewhat similar index that provides an es- timate of the hazard from accidental atmospheric release of toxic substances. A central factor in this analysis is the CEI, which is proportional to the square root of the ratio (toxic release flowrate):(threshold limit value). The details are available in the official guide [11]. A Dow "risk analysis package" consists of the analyses developed with the Dow F&EI and the Dow Chemical Exposure Index plus reports of loss prevention measures. This risk analysis package is used by industrial insurance carriers to predict the likelihood and size of loss from catastrophic events. 26.5 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND HAZARD INVESTIGATION BOARD