Safari Books Online is a digital library providing on-demand subscription access to thousands of learning resources.
The main point of cropping is to improve the overall composition of the photo by removing distracting elements (or negative space) to create a more dynamic relationship between the important subjects that remain. Cropping can also be used to change the aspect ratio of a photo for printing purposes (such as when you need to crop the photo to print at a specific size). In Carousel 1.0, there is no way to choose a specific aspect ratio or to even lock the current aspect ratio, so that means Carousel cropping is all about improving the composition only.
An aspect ratio is just a way to express the relationship between the longest side and the shortest side of a photo. A square photo has a 1:1 aspect ratio because both sides are the same length. Most photos are rectangles, so one side is longer than the other. Most digital cameras produce photos with either a 2:3 or 4:3 aspect ratio.