460 Index Interoperability, MPEG-2 and DVB, 197­8, 212, 237, 320, 321, 437 Interruptible feedback/foldback (IFB), 94, 95, 122, 236, 241, 436 VoIP, 241 Inter-Union Satellite Operations Group (ISOG), 197, 320­1, 322, 451 Standard Mode (DSNG transmissions), 197 Interview mode, 211, 437 Intra-frame coding, 174, 180, 188, 437 Inverse-square law, 105 Inverter systems, SNG vehicle, 148 IP and MPEG, 236­8 IP over MPEG, 236­7 MPEG over IP, 237­8 VPN, 238 IP and SNG, 242­4 hardware solutions, 242­3 software solutions, 243­4 IP addressing, 227­9, 230 classes, 228­9 IP over MPEG, 236­7 IPFD see Incidental power flux density (IPFD) IPv4, 228, 229, 234 IPv6, 234 IRD see Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) Iridium system, 245 IRPA see International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) ISDB-S see Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting ­ Satellite ISDN see Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ISO see International Standards Organization (ISO) ISOG see Inter-Union Satellite Operations Group (ISOG) ITO see International Trade Organization (ITO) ITU see International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), 210, 438 Motion JPEG, 440 JPEG see Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) Ka-band, 51, 157, 365­6, 371, 438 Ku-band, 43, 50, 371, 438 cross-strapping, 313 frequency band of operation, 157 satellite capacity, 16 spotbeams, 301 widebeams, 301 International Maritime Organization (IMO), 246, 436 International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) see Inmarsat systems International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) system, 362 IMT-2000, 362, 368, 436 International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee (INIRC), 327, 436 International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), 327, 437 International Standards Organization (ISO), 175, 217, 230, 257, 437 compression standards, 217 ISDN standards, 257­8 video coding standards, 257 International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 4, 84, 106, 156, 257, 260, 274, 277, 279, 280, 289, 395­7, 437 audio coding standards, 257 current role, 280 emission codes, 395­7 founding, 4, 277, 279 ITU-D, 280 ITU-R, 280, 281 ITU-T, 280 radio frequency standards, 280­1 Radio Regulations, 278 Recommendation ITU-R BT.601, 178, 381 Recommendation ITU-R BT.656, 178 spectrum administration, 277­9 Standard ITU-T G.711, 214, 260, 268 Standard ITU-T G.722, 95, 215, 261, 268 Standard ITU-T G.728, 260 Standard ITU-T H.261, 215, 267 Standard ITU-T H.263, 215, 267 Standard ITU-T H.320, 267 Standard ITU-T H.324, 262 structure, 280 video frame transmission formats, 268 WARC, 281­2 International Telegraph Union see International Telecommunications Union (ITU) International Trade Organization (ITO), 286, 437 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 228, 232, 435 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 220, 436 Internet Protocol (IP), 68, 196, 220, 227, 234, 437 addressing, 227­9 and MPEG, 236­7 for SNG use, 222, 242­4