462 Index MUSE see Multiple Sub-Nyquist Encoding (MUSE) MUSICAM standard, 217 National controls, 285, 287­8 frequency clearance, 290­1 licences, 288­9 permissions, 288 regulations, 273 see also Cross-border issues National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP), 327, 441 National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), 328, 441 NCRP see National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) Network Interface Card (NIC), 226, 441 Newsgathering: applications, 362­3 electronic see Electronic newsgathering (ENG) impact, of Inmarsat, 271­3 radio, 271­3 satellite see Satellite newsgathering (SNG) television, 273 Motion prediction, video compression, 178­80, 181­2, 440 inter-frame coding, 187 intra-frame coding, 188 motion compensation, 190 motion estimation, 187 motion vector, 190 Motion vector, 190, 440 MP@ML coding (pixel resolution), 191, 197 MPE see Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (MPE) MPEG: brief history, 175 choice of encoder, 211­13 future developments, 202, 218 Layer 1 standard, 216, 261 Layer 2 standard, 216, 217, 261­2 Layer 3 standard, 216, 217 over IP, 237­8 perceptual coding, 215­16 standards, 175­6, 216­17, 257 MPEG-1 standard, 175, 217, 440 MPEG-2 standard, 174, 175­6, 440 artifacts, 192­3