CHAPTER 1 An Overview of Television Production PROGRAM SOUND Typically, a microphone is clipped to the speaker's cloth- ing, handheld, or attached to a sound boom or other fit- ting. Music, sound effects, commentary, and the like can either be played into the program's soundtrack during the main taping session or added later during postproduction (Figure 1.10). LIGHTING Lighting can significantly contribute to the success of a presentation, whether it is augmenting the natural light or providing totally artificial illumination. Lighting tech- niques involve carefully blending the intensities and tex- ture (hardness or diffusion) of the light, with selectively arranged light direction and coverage, to bring out specific features of the subject and/or scene (see Figure 1.10). FIGURE 1.9 Production switchers are used to switch between two or more live cameras during a project. x SETS AND SCENIC DESIGN Scenic design, or providing appropriate surroundings for the action, creates a specific ambi- ence for the program. The setting may include an existing location, sets that are built for the program, or virtual sets that can be used to simulate an