338 Index J Java , 301­302 Java Virtual Machine (JVM) , 301 Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) , 38 , 319 , 329 , 329f backward compatibility and , 39 JPEG . See Joint Photographic Expert Group JPEG2000 , 159 JVM . See Java Virtual Machine Low Earth orbit (LEO) , 148 Low-noise amplifier (LNA) , 162 Low-noise block (LNB) , 152­153 Low-pass filters, 208 LSPs . See Label switch paths Luminance , 211 M MADI . See Multichannel audio digital interface Magazines , 13 Mainframes , 326 Make up , 97 MAM . See Media asset management system MAN . See Metropolitan area network Marconi, Guglielmo , 43 Mass broadcasting , 7 Master control room (MCR) , 182 , 266 , 266f , 268f Mauchly, John , 285 MCR . See Master control room Mean filters , 208 Media law and , 41 objects , 271 ownership , 42 , 44 players , 263 psychology , 23 systems engineering , 141 Media Access Project , 50­51 Media asset management system (MAM) , 77 , 136 EDL in , 176 GFX , 136 SDI to , 252 Media network layer, of BOC , 68 Media object server (MOS) , 198 Media Systems Process Modeling , 131 Media technology-life cycle matrix (MTLM) , 140 , 141t Media-centric existence , 22 Median filters , 209 Medium Earth orbit (MEO) , 150 Mega floating point operations (MFLOP) , 294 Megaconglomerates , 14 Menu navigation, for cell phones , 30f MEO . See Medium Earth orbit Metropolitan area network (MAN) , 170 MFLOP . See Mega floating point operations Microsoft , 38 , 47 Microwave , 147 Middleware , 79­80 MIDI . See Musical instrument digital interface K Ka band , 152 , 152t Kennelly, Arthur , 111 Keyboards , 29 Kilby, Jack , 286 Kingsbury, Nathan , 42 Ku band , 152 , 152t L Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) , 164 Label edge routers (LERs) , 164 Label switch paths (LSPs) , 164 Laptops , 12 LASER . See Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Law , 41 , 48 , 51 LDP . See Label Distribution Protocol LEDs . See Light-emitting diodes LEO . See Low Earth orbit LERs . See Label edge routers Levels , 231 License fees , 78 Licklider, J.C.R. , 307 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) , 153 Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) , 153 Lighting , 97 Line doubling , 218 Linear platform-specific production , 2 LINUX , 82 Live events , 191­192 LMI . See Local management interface LNA . See Low-noise amplifier LNB . See Low-noise block Local area networks (LANs) , 170­171 Local management interface (LMI) , 165 Lockdown , 87 Logos , 196 , 240 Long-haul distribution , 145 , 162 Lossy , 231 , 328