Again, many of these initiatives fail. Either they: G G G G cost too much; take too long; are inadequately defined and specified; or simply don't realise the expected benefits. This amounts to failure on a scale which costs billions every year and for some organi- sations results in their demise. It happens in both private and public sectors, small under- takings and major multinational enterprises. In our new world of the twenty-first century no organisation is immune from `shut down' if it fails to perform. Something has gone wrong. It would seem that we are not all as good as we should be at managing and controlling change in order to achieve sustained benefits from such initiatives. Initiatives fail, are cancelled or never