G Contracting organisations, which identify a project through an invitation to tender or similar sales channel, prepare a response and then, if successful, undertake the contracted work. Note that a promoting organisation's sublet `project' may be a contract- ing organisation's `customer project'. In both cases, the project has two distinct phases: G G The investigative stages, where the promoter determines how best to meet the objectives and the contractor determines the `bid design', cost and price. The implementing stages, where the promoter and contractor under- take their planned work. The distinction between promoting and contracting organisations is not always obvious, especially in the case where a contractor undertakes the operation of any outputs from the projects as part of an extended project life cycle. In more complex situations the distinctions should be clear within the contractual arrangements and formal authorities agreed between the parties.