61 05 international HrM K e y co n c e P t s a n d t e r m s Convergence Globalization Host-based pay Divergence Home-based pay L e a r n I n g o u tcom e s On completing this chapter you should be able to define these key concepts. You should also know about: The meaning of international HRM Issues in international HRM The impact of globalization International environmental and cultural differences Factors affecting the choice between convergence and divergence Global HR policies Managing expatriates introduction It has been stated by Brewster et al (2005: 949) that: `A critical challenge for organizations from both the public and private sectors in the twenty-first century is the need to operate across national boundaries.' They identified five distinct, but linked, organizational drivers of international HRM: efficiency orientation, global service provision, information exchange, core business processes and localization of decision making. In this chapter con- sideration is given to how organizations respond to this challenge through the practice of international HRM. international HrM defined International human resource management is the process of managing people across international