226 Management skills goals and objectives, improved performance for the organization, and the ability to help others learn and develop themselves to enhance their work performance and their organizational commitment. According to the CIPD, continuing professional development should be: continuous ­ professionals should always be looking for ways to improve performance; the responsibility of the individual learner to own and manage; driven by the learning needs and development of the individual; evaluative rather than descriptive of what has taken place; an essential component of professional and personal life, never an optional extra. Professional and ethical approaches to self-management at work A professional approach to self-management means organizing and devel- oping yourself to carry out your work in ways which use your expertise in providing professional advice and services. An ethical approach to self-man-