66 Approaches to HRM and L&D the formal procedures and methods used to put HR strategic plans and poli- cies into effect, linked HR practices which consist of the approaches used in managing people, and HR programmes ­ the planned activities which enable HR strategies, policies and practices to be implemented according to plan. HR practices The key HR practices used by successful organizations as described below are organization design and development, job design, people resourcing (attracting and retaining employees and talent management), learning and development, performance and reward management, managing the employ- ment relationship and employee relations. Organization design Organization design is the process of deciding how organizations should be structured and function. Organizations are not static things. Changes are constantly taking place in the business itself, in the environment in which the business operates, and in the people who work in the business. There is no such thing as an `ideal' organization. The most that can be done is