Index in resolver , 400 transfer function, graph , 290 VDE 0871 compliance , 800 Vectorscope, signal displays , 61 VFB, advantages , 4 VFB op amp: basic operation , 4­5 Bode plot , 13­14 closed loop gain , 12 common-mode input impedance, specification , 25 current noise , 40 gain-bandwidth product , 54­55 inverting and non-inverting configurations , 5­7 loop gain , 13 noise gain , 13 open loop gain , 8­9 phase margin , 11­12 signal gain , 12 stability criteria , 9­11 VFC: architecture: Voltage drop: coupled circuit , 829 and grounding , 829 Voltage feedback , see: VFB Voltage feedforward , 717, 718 Voltage inverter: circuit , 741 operation , 746­747 power losses, circuit , 748 use , 742 waveforms , 746, 747 Voltage-mode R-2R ladder network DAC, diagram , 352 Voltage noise, op amp , 38­39 Voltage-output DAC, diagram , 342 Voltage output sensor: packaging, thermal response , 219 ratiometric, diagram , 219 Voltage plane, advantages , 866 Voltage reference: architectures, characteristics, table , 523 diode, circuits , 516 diode-based, circuits , 516 noise , 515, 526­528