Acknowledgments I am deeply indebted to the many people assisting in the research for this book. These inputs--from a variety of backgrounds and industries--have produced a practical device for managers who wish to evaluate their human resources func- tions without external assistance. Those individuals need to be acknowledged. The group of knowledgeable professionals in human resources management who individually and collectively contributed to the book's development as mem- bers of its Advisory Board are due recognition and sincere appreciation. In addition, thanks are due to Ralph J. Brown and Arthur E. Brown Jr. Ralph was my first human resources "boss." (The department was called em- ployee relations at the time.) His guidance and mentoring supplied me with a base of knowledge that has allowed me to adjust to the changing requirements and growth of the profession. He has also provided continual insights through his participation on the Advisory Boards for all editions of this book.