Index 439 objectives, and business planning, 48 OCTANe LaunchPad, 92 offering prospectus, 248 offices, options, 109­110 Oklahoma Business Incubator Association, 88 Olestra, 298 online auction, 239­240 operating leases, 9, 153 operating lines of credit, 141 OPM (other people's money) rule, 70 Opportunity International, 326­327 optimal capital structure, 14 optimism, vs. realism, 62 options, 16 Oracle Credit Corp., 99 O'Shaughnessy, Tim, 73 OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB), 238 overseas investors, 10 Overseas Private Investment Corp., 340 P2P industry, 93 Pandora, 212, 213 Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), 94 partial ratchets, in venture capital negotiations, 200 partnership, 27­28 Patriot Pilot program, 169 peer-to-peer lending, 93 advantages and disadvantages, 95­96 Pemberton, John S., 106 Pennsylvania Incubator Association (PIA), 88 perception, vs. reality, 109­110 Perkin, Nicolas, 162 personal commitment, 186­187 personal resources, for business financing, 70­72 Pink Sheets, 238 pledge funds, 79 Portland Ten, 92 positive cash flow, 105 preferred lenders, 166 preferred stock, 15 investment agreement on, 204 venture capital and, 198 prepayment rights, 145 pricing of IPO, 258­259 in mergers and acquisitions, 313­314 printing costs for IPO, 219 privacy, IPO and, 217 private, vs. public, xii private equity (PE) markets, 6 vs. venture capital (VC), xiii private incubators, 87 Private Investment in Public Entities (PIPEs), 264­265 private investors, 10 private placement memoranda (PPM), 3 changing or updating, 126 compliance issues, 125­126 key sections, 121­124 preparing, 120­121 subscription materials, 124­125 tips for successful offering, 129­130 private placements, 115­130 applicable federal securities laws, 116­119 rise of secondary-market, 127­129 state securities laws on, 119­120 Web resources on, 337­339 privately held companies, Sarbanes- Oxley impact, 39 Procter & Gamble, Olestra, 298 products and services, venture capitalists' decision and, 191 profitability, 105 promissory note, 147, 367­368 proprietorship, 26 prospectus, 117 proxy contingent, venture capital and, 206 solicitation, 261 public, vs. private, xii public funding, for small businesses, 152 American Management Association www.amanet.org