238 Index future state, comparing current state with desired, 151­163 governance, 137 A Guide to the Project Manage- ment Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 12, 37, 123, 133, 136 hard benefits, 164 IBM, 138 IDEF (Integrated Definition Meth- ods), 153­154 indirect stakeholders, 117 information technology (IT), 153 Information Technology Infra- structure Library (ITIL ), 153 initiation, 122 Integrated Definition Methods of success of deliverable struc- tures, 181 methodologies, 135­140 project management, 136­137 software development, 137­140 Microsoft Project, 180 mission statement, see project mission statement mistakes avoiding and catching, 33­35 in estimating, 51 in project planning, 133 momentum, building, 102­103 money, time value of, 165 monitoring and controlling, 124­ 126, 134­135 Motorola, 154 multi-project systems, project planning in, 65­67 multitasking, 65­66