Index acceptance, 64, 200 acknowledgment, in communication model, 234 active listening, 234 activity definition, 78 activity lists, 81­83, 185, 203 adaptive approach to planning, 33 ad hoc meeting style, 147 affinity diagrams, 69­70 agendas, meeting, 147, 229 analogous estimating, 51, 104, 129 Applied Imagination (Osborn), 69 assumptions of customers, 73 in project scope statement, 75 of project team, 73 quality, 93 in risk management, 187, 205­206 authority, 59, 251­252 autocratic management approach, 225 avoidance, as risk response, 197­198 backward pass, 141 bait-and-switch schemes, 117 baselines, 71, 90, 112, 113, 156­157, 161 bidder conference, 57 bonus-driven project, 127, 142 bottlenecks, 159 brainstorming, 69­70 budgets. see project budget business owners communication with stakeholders, 209­210 internal costs of project initiation, 40­43 investment in projects, 46­47 organizational model and, 38­39 project costs and, 95 project goals and, 66 role of, 5, 6 work breakdown structure (WBS) and, 79 see also project stakeholders business partners, 48. see also project stakeholders business risks, 182­183 cash flow, 41, 111 cause-and-effect charts, 174­175 certificate of closure, 272, 277 chain of command, 6, 220 chairs, 147 change control change control system, 24, 34­35, 62­63, 163­171, 177­179, 221, 266­267 in closing the project, 266­267 importance of, 62­63, 261­262 integrating, 24, 167­169 methods to prevent project change, 177­179 change fees, 178 change logs, 169­170 change request forms, 62­63, 154­155, 164, 165­169, 171 chart of accounts, 103­104 checklists, 115 claims administration, 268­271 closing the project, 14, 26­27, 263­286 certificate of closure, 272, 277 change control, 266­267 claims administration in, 268­271 contracts in, 98­99, 272­273, 275, 281­284 failing/failed projects, 28, 230­231, 264, 275 invoicing and project payments, 6, 273, 281­284 official closing activities, 273­277 project procurements, 27, 271­273 project schedule in, 124­125 quality and, 263­264, 265, 267, 268­271, 284­285 287