Phase 4: From Portfolio Development to Implementation 147 also transformed, enlightened, broadened, deepened . . . changed. In many respects, individuals knew the answers to the problems the first day. When asked why they still needed this much time, most would summarize it something like this: ``Each of us had our own biases, ideas, and agendas. The analysis and reflection time helped us put data behind the ideas, replace individual agendas with a shared vision, document every assumption, educate our leaders on the real issues, and gain support for some tough changes. Our company is about to undergo massive transformation; the time was necessary to change us, the foundation, first.'' Initiating Implementation Chapter 11 listed 13 milestone steps that define ``implementation'' of a single project from the portfolio. The remaining sections of Supply Chain Excellence will discuss key concepts and Fowlers' prog- ress through to step 13--scale of implementation. The Fowlers tech-