246 index Bally, John, 28 Banks, Joseph, 106 Barnard, Edward Emerson, 19, 52­55 Barnard's Loop, 18 Barnard's star, 52­55 Basri, Gibor, 132­33, 145 Batalha, Natalie, 199­201 Bate, Matthew, 137 Beaulieu, Jean- Philippe, 102, 186 Becklin, Eric, 131 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 50 beta Pictoris, 32­33, 165, 193 Betelgeuse, 169 binary stars, 230; brown dwarfs, 139­40; and exoplanetary life, 177­78 biosignatures, 192, 209, 211, 214, 230; detection of, 223; NASA working group on, 216­17 Burnham'sCelestialHandbook, 47 Butler, Paul, 59­60, 74, 76, 82­86, 185, 195 Buys Ballot, C.H.D., 12 Calar 3, 133 cameras: CCD (charge- coupled device), 95; digital, 55; mid- infrared, 36 Cameron, Alistair, 44 Campbell, Bruce, 57­59, 91­92 Canada-France- Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), 58, 119­20 Cancer. See 55 Cancri carbides, 193 carbon cycle, 230 carbon planets, 193 Cassidy, William, 39 cataclysmic variables, 95 CCD (charge coupled device), 174,