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150 CHAPTER 5 Nanomorphic cell communication unit Symbol Z 0 a Meaning Free space impedance, Z 0 ¼ 377 U Absorption coefficient Bandwidth Thickness Permittivity of free space, 3 0 ¼ 8.85$10 12 F/m Transmission coefficient Bethe transmission efficiency Radiation efficiency Period of oscillation Wavelength Frequency Time interval Indicates proportionality Indicates order of magnitude Dn d 3 0 h h B h rad Q l n s f w References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] D. Gabor, Communication theory and physics, Phil. Mag., ser.7 41 (1950) 11611187. L.V. Blake, Antennas, ARTECH HOUSE, Inc, 1984. J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998. G.W. Hanson, Radiation efficiency of nano-radius dipole antennas in the microwave and far-infrared regimes, IEEE Antenn. Propag. Mag. 50 (2008) 6677. A. Karlsson, Physical limitations of antennas in a lossy medium, IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 52 (2004). 20372033. H.T. Friis, A note on a simple transmission formula, Proc. IRE 34 (1946) 254256. B.W. Cook, S. Lanzisera, K.S.J. Pister, SoC issues for RF smart dust, Proc. IEEE 94 (2006) 11771196. J. Ammer, J. Rabaey, The energy-per-useful-bit metric for evaluating and optimizing sensor network physical layers, Proc. IEEE Intern. Workshop on Wireless Ad Hoc & Sensor Networks (2006) 695700. Q. Zhu, L. Wu, S. Sheng, Z.C. Mei, W.F. Liu, W.L. Cai, et al., Possibility of constructing microwave antenna with carbon nanotubes, J. Vac. Sci. Techol. B 25 (2007) 16301634. E.H. Putley, The detection of sub-mm radiation, Proc. IEEE 51 (1963) 14121423. THz-BRIDGE: Tera-Hertz radiation in Biological Research, Investigation on Diagnostics and study of potential Genotoxic Effects, http://www.frascati.enea.it/THz-BRIDGE/ D.C. Yates, A.S. Holmes, Preferred transmission frequency for size-constyrained ultralow-power short- range CMOS oscillator transmitters, IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I 56 (2009) 11731181. S. Soora, K. Gosalia, M.S. Humayun, G. Lazzi, A comparison of two and three dimensional dipole antennas for an implantable retinal prosthesis, IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 56 (2008) 622629. J. Abadia, F. Merli, J.-F. Zurcher, J.R. Mosig, A.K. Skrivervik, 3D-spiral small antenna design and realization for biomedical telemetry in the MICS band, Radioengineering 18 (2009) 359367. S. Sufyar, C. Delaveaud, A miniaturization technique of a compact omnidirectional antenna, Radio- engineering 18 (2009) 373379.