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150 CHAPTER 5 Nanomorphic cell communication unit Symbol Z 0 a Meaning Free space impedance, Z 0 ¼ 377 U Absorption coefficient Bandwidth Thickness Permittivity of free space, 3 0 ¼ 8.85$10 ­12 F/m Transmission coefficient Bethe transmission efficiency Radiation efficiency Period of oscillation Wavelength Frequency Time interval Indicates proportionality Indicates order of magnitude Dn d 3 0 h h B h rad Q l n s f w References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] D. Gabor, Communication theory and physics, Phil. Mag., ser.7 41 (1950) 1161­1187. L.V. Blake, Antennas, ARTECH HOUSE, Inc, 1984. J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998. G.W. Hanson, Radiation efficiency of nano-radius dipole antennas in the microwave and far-infrared regimes, IEEE Antenn. Propag. Mag. 50 (2008) 66­77. A. Karlsson, Physical limitations of antennas in a lossy medium, IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 52 (2004). 2037­2033. H.T. Friis, A note on a simple transmission formula, Proc. IRE 34 (1946) 254­256. B.W. Cook, S. Lanzisera, K.S.J. Pister, SoC issues for RF smart dust, Proc. IEEE 94 (2006) 1177­1196. J. Ammer, J. Rabaey, The energy-per-useful-bit metric for evaluating and optimizing sensor network physical layers, Proc. IEEE Intern. Workshop on Wireless Ad Hoc & Sensor Networks (2006) 695­700. Q. Zhu, L. Wu, S. Sheng, Z.C. Mei, W.F. Liu, W.L. Cai, et al., Possibility of constructing microwave antenna with carbon nanotubes, J. Vac. Sci. Techol. B 25 (2007) 1630­1634. E.H. Putley, The detection of sub-mm radiation, Proc. IEEE 51 (1963) 1412­1423. THz-BRIDGE: Tera-Hertz radiation in Biological Research, Investigation on Diagnostics and study of potential Genotoxic Effects, http://www.frascati.enea.it/THz-BRIDGE/ D.C. Yates, A.S. Holmes, Preferred transmission frequency for size-constyrained ultralow-power short- range CMOS oscillator transmitters, IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I 56 (2009) 1173­1181. S. Soora, K. Gosalia, M.S. Humayun, G. Lazzi, A comparison of two and three dimensional dipole antennas for an implantable retinal prosthesis, IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 56 (2008) 622­629. J. Abadia, F. Merli, J.-F. Zurcher, J.R. Mosig, A.K. Skrivervik, 3D-spiral small antenna design and realization for biomedical telemetry in the MICS band, Radioengineering 18 (2009) 359­367. S. Sufyar, C. Delaveaud, A miniaturization technique of a compact omnidirectional antenna, Radio- engineering 18 (2009) 373­379.