Index A AC (alternating current) Kerr effect, 60­2, 67 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 110 AFLC see antiferroelectric AFM see atomic force microscope Airy effect, 67, 181 All-optical integrated micrologic gate: fabrication, 162­3 introduction, 159­61 operating principle, 161­2 testing, 163­5 All-optical nanomodulator (wavelength converter, logic gate and flip flop): fabrication, 138­9 introduction, 136 simulation results, 139­41 theory, 137 validations, 141­3 All-optical plasma dispersion modulation, 127­36 AND/NAND gates, 85, 140, 164­5 Anisotropic etching, 122, 124 Anisotropic medium and radiation, 2­6 Anisotropic nanoparticles, 193­6 C Carbon nanotubes (CNT), 246 Carriers: depletion modulators and silicon, 86­7 injection (semiconductors), 41­4 CB see circular birefringence Chemical etching (pattern surfaces), 104 Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), 62, 65­6 Circular birefringence (CB), 59­60 CNT see carbon nanotubes Columnar thin films (CTFs), 220­1 COMSOL Multiphysics software, 115, 141, 144, 158­9 Continuity equation (semiconductors), 37­8 Copying exposition methods and image formation, 103 Coupled plasmon-waveguide resonance (CPWR), 213 Cryo process (deep reactive-ion etching), 105 CTFs see columnar thin films Current and semiconductors, 36­7 D DC (direct current) Kerr effect, 60­2, 71 DDA see discrete dipole approximation (DDA) De Broglie wavelength, 101