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Authenticode is a code-signing system whose purpose is to prove the identity of the publisher. Authenticode and strong-name signing are independent: you can sign an assembly with either or both systems.
While strong-name signing can prove that assemblies A, B, and C came from the same party (assuming the private key hasn’t been leaked), it can’t tell you who that party was. In order to know that the party was Joe Albahari—or Microsoft Corporation—you need Authenticode.
Authenticode is useful when downloading programs from the Internet, because it provides assurance that a program came from whoever was named by the Certificate Authority and was not modified in transit. It also prevents the “Unknown Publisher” warning shown in Figure 18-3, when running a downloaded application for the first time. Authenticode signing is also a requirement for Metro apps when submitting to the Windows Store, and for assemblies in general as part of the Windows Logo program.