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Chapter 14: Deconstructing the `Digital ... > 5. EMERGING AND NEW GENERATION DIGIT... - Pg. 230

Deconstructing the `Digital Divide' in Africa redirects the focus from providing access to technology to the effective integration of ICT into communities and institutions for social de- velopment. This kind of integration can only be achieved by paying attention to the holistic array of physical, digital, human and social resources available to or within local communities. The EU conceived the idea of e-inclusion in the context of e-government to refer to the use of modern ICT technologies to address issues of the `access-divide' and promote opportunities for the economic and social empowerment of all citizens (United Nations, 2005). E-inclusion envisages a future in which all people have access to social and economic opportunities and can use technology. The preceding discussion has demonstrated that methods of bridging the digital divide, as currently conceived and applied, are flawed. The author therefore submits that a new model is nec- essary to explain the phenomenon, especially if the Latin alphabet means that diacritical marks, and Asian or other international characters, are not supported. Consequently, the exclusion of a number of other languages from domain names limits Internet access. Users who are not familiar with English may encounter problems when ac- cessing English language URLs. Additionally, the lack of foreign-script support makes it difficulty for indigenous businesses and entities to be rep- resented on the Internet. The digital divide is also exacerbated by intellec- tual property regimes. For example, conventional practice with regard to copyright law is that the duration of copyright extends from the life of the author to fifty years after his/her death. After 50 years, copyrighted materials move into the public domain and can be used freely without any charge. The US amended its law (copyright extension act 1998), increasing the duration of copyright