Index 217 impact models (continued) information collection, 85 open-ended initiatives, 80­82 prescriptive and specific initiatives, 83 projected image, 33­34, purpose of, 80, 84 results, 33 tips, 86 impact profile format, 156­57 impact results, 33 improvement strategy, 192 improving initiative, 12­13 interview protocol, 137, 140­41 interviews case study illustration, 39 N needs analysis, 197­98 nonsuccess protocol, 144­46, 164 P participants follow up time lag, 122­23 inferential statistics, 130, 179­80 nonrespondents, 129 participant selection, 124­27, 136 reverse engineering samples, 127­29 subdividing participants, 126 successful/unsuccessful cases, 49, 144­46