mobile technology, 132 Model X, 98 Monitor Top refrigerator, 189­190 monochrome printing, 67 Monroe, Marilyn, 197, 221 Moore, William, 67 Morgans Hotel Group, 251­253 Morita, Akio, 218 Morton's Salt, 41, 50­51 Morton Umbrella Girl, 63 Mother, 294­297 motorcycle brands, 166, 175 motoring culture, 98­101 Mr. Peanut, 63 Mr. Whipple, 97 MTV, 116, 118­119, 275, 290­293 Mucca Design, 234­239 multimedia brands, 220­225 multinational companies, 148 Museum of Jewish Heritage, 289 music videos, 118­119 novelty, 23 NPR, 288 N. W. Ayer & Son, 67 NYC & Company, 270­273 o Obama, Barack, 134, 135­136 observational design research, 252 offset printing, 82 online shopping, 182­185 Oprah's Book Club, 223 The Oprah Winfrey Show (TV show), 222­223 Original Champions of Design, 282­285 outsourcing, 158 OXO, 246­249 P n Nabisco, 43, 65, 67­68 nail polish, 197 National Biscuit Company, 43, 65, 67­68 National Research Council (NRC), 208 NBC, 287 packaged foods, 67­68, 254­259 packaged goods, 43, 64, 67­68 packaging, 64­68, 82, 86 Palmolive, 97 Pan Am, 112­115, 174, 175 PANAMAC, 113 paper packaging, 67 paper products, 240­245 Paramount, 196 Pastis, 236, 239 patina, 22­23 planned obsolescence, 98 Planter's Peanuts, 63 Platinum Card, 122 Playboy magazine, 220­222 Playboy TV, 222 political campaigns, 135­136 pop-up stores, 184­185 porcelain, 32 portable music players, 218­219 post-war era, 92­101 Pountain, Dick, 106 presidential election of 2008, 135­136 Priestley, Joseph, 203 Princess Phone, 214, 216, 218 print design, 278­281 printing innovations, 64, 65, 67, 82 Prius, 174 Procter, Harley, 45 Procter & Gamble, 43, 45, 65, 70, 73, 97, 151 product design, 246­249 product education, 68 productivity, 20 product labels, 43, 64, 65, 67 product launches, building anticipation for, 39 products planned obsolescence of, 98 redesigning, 98 Prohibition, 86