148 Eleventh Hour Security : Exam SY0-201 Study Guide With Windows 2000, Microsoft added a more automated approach to file and folder encryption, by adding its Encrypting File System (EFS) to the file system used in Windows--NTFS (New Technology File System). EFS has continu- ally been added to in subsequent releases of the operating system, with new encryption algorithms such as AES replacing the original DES and 3DES, and new options for encryption and recovery of encrypted files. E-mail E -mail encryption is generally performed in one of the two ways--either by encrypting the network connection or by encrypting the message itself using a protocol such as S/MIME. Encrypting the connection between mail client and mail server--or more prop- erly, the MUA (Mail User Agent) and the MTA (Mail Transport Agent)--is par- ticularly useful when the authentication method chosen is that of a simple username and password. By encrypting the connection itself, a user makes it impossible for anyone listening in on the network stream to read his or her password. Encrypting and/or signing the message itself allows for that message to be