Contents About the Authors .....................................................................................................ix Introduction ...............................................................................................................xi CHAPTER 1 Denial of Service .................................................................... 1 How Denial of Service Works .........................................................2 Distributed Denial of Service .....................................................3 Overview of a Denial of Service Attack .....................................3 Launching the Attack .................................................................9 Dangers of Denial of Service ........................................................12 Defense against Denial of Service ................................................13 General Advice .........................................................................14 Strategy .....................................................................................15 Network Configuration .............................................................15 DDoS Appliances .....................................................................16 IDS/IPS Systems ......................................................................17 Reacting to DDoS Attacks .......................................................18 Over-Provisioning and Adaptive Provisioning .........................19 The Future of Denial of Service ....................................................20