9.3 Core technologies 321 The astute penetration tester should also consider Bluetooth as a legitimate wireless attack vector, especially for information-gathering purposes. In that vein, there are a number of tools such as btscanner, bluesnarfer, and bluebugger to extract information from vulnerable Bluetooth devices. This Bluetooth wireless attack option is often forgotten as people tend to focus on the more traditional 802.11 wireless networks. 9.3 CORE TECHNOLOGIES Before beginning a penetration test against a wireless network, it is important to understand the vulnerabilities associated with Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The 802.11 standard was developed as an "open" standard; in other words, when the standard was written, ease of accessibility and connection were the primary goals. Security was not a primary concern, and security mechanisms were developed almost as an afterthought. When security isn't engineered into a solution from the ground up, the security solutions have historically been less than optimal. When this happens, multiple security mechanisms are often developed, none of