42.5 Collection of Evidence from GPS Devices 315 42.5.2 Challenges to data collection GPS devices are much like cell phones today. They have a wide variety of connec- tion types, operating systems, and data storage methods and data structures. This means that getting data from these units for preservation and analysis may require using several different forensic software tools. Forensic software tools that can collect data from cell phones in many cases can also collect data from GPS units. There is also software designed only for collecting data from GPS units. The forensic software available is covered in Chapter 5. And in the case of in-dash vehicle navigation systems, at least for the present time, there is no simple way to retrieve data from them. In other words, the only method for collecting evidentiary data from some of the units would be the same as the manual examination of a cell phone (see Chapter 37). A video record would need to be made for preservation purposes as the unit was operated from the menu by an examiner. As with any device where a manual examination is performed, without a video recording of the entire examination, it would be difficult, if possi- ble at all, to determine whether or not any data was deleted or created on the device in the process of the examination.