I NDEX -TAS. See micro total analysis system 2,4-D, 490 absorption-based optical sensor, 360 absorption-based sensor, 321, 324, 360 gas analyzers of absorption type, 333 global remote control using absorption spectroscopy, 338 infrared absorption, 324 near-infrared absorption, 324 UV absorption, 330 absorption spectroscopy, 324, 325, 332­334, 338, 352 accuracy, 23, 31, 33, 47, 48, 59, 62, 73, 76, 101, 104, 105, 112, 113, 116, 142, 159, 297, 333, 334, 337, 338, 340, 344, 350, 390, 393, 406, 411, 430 acetylcholine biosensor, 246 acid­base reaction, 12 acridinium derivative, 483 adenosine sensor, 247 adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 247­249, 265, 450 sensor, 247 Ag. See silver Ag + . See silver ion Al 2 O 3 . See aluminum oxide aliphatic amine, 492 aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 36, 145, 173, 206­ 208, 211, 231, 247, 286, 373, 407 ammonia (NH 3 ), 2, 9, 10, 12, 23, 29, 53, 55, 57, 74, 75, 144, 206, 208, 248, 251, 306, 325, 329, 330, 339, 346, 348, 360, 366, 367, 387, 401, 410, 427, 428, 433, 441, 442, 445 ammonia sensor, 251, 306 ammonium ion (NH 4+ ), 36, 145, 146, 239, 248 amperometric gas sensor, 15, 17, 18, 41, 45­49, 53, 62, 67­70, 102, 104 accuracy, 47, 48 potentiometric zirconia-based, 102 precision, 47, 48 range of linear response, 48 amperometric sensor, 14, 15, 18, 20­22, 25­28, 32, 40, 46, 48, 49, 53, 59, 67, 68, 70, 76, 102­105, 127, 252 amperometry, 5, 6, 24, 28, 39, 41, 127, 287­ 290, 488 amphoteric site, 193 aqueous electrolyte, 17, 24, 25, 27, 38, 39, 62, 72, 160, 208 ATP. See adenosine triphosphate Au. See gold auxiliary electrode, 38, 41, 43, 47, 69, 290, 294 avalanche breakdown, 212 Ba. See barium back-side connected ISFET, 174 barium (Ba), 64, 141, 142, 146, 151, 246, 492 Bi. See bismuth biological reaction, 14 503