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You have just arrived in your organization and now have the responsibility of maintaining databases, or you have been there for a while and probably put a lot of effort into your database design. Databases still need regular attention and tuning.
We need to have a methodical approach, so a design-centred approach probably works best. You can start from the operating system as seen below, to get a global perspective. You can then move on to tuning the database, tablespaces, and specific items such as specific tables or indexes.