Index 317 DVD . See Digital video disc DVR . See Digital video recorder Dynamic range, audio's , 233 E Earphones . See Headphones, noise-cancelling EDGE , 190 Editor , 141 Effector, end , 11 Efficiency , 72 of amplifiers , 72 spectral , 197 , 197t 8051 microcontroller (Intel) , 137 , 138f Electricity dynamic , 18­19 electronics vs. , 6­7 electrons in , 7 , 15­20 communications as sector of , 4 , 4f components as sector of , 4f , 5 computers as sector of , 4 , 4f control as sector of , 4­5 , 4f instrumentation as sector of , 4f , 5 manufacturing in , 5­6 , 6f raw materials in , 5 , 6f workings of , 5­7 , 6f Electrons in atoms , 16 in current flow , 15 in electricity , 7 , 15­20 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) , 18 Elements, atomic , 16 End effector , 11 ESD . See Electrostatic discharge Ethernet frame of , 215f hub , 215f