Complex Numbers and Exponentials 11 This relationship is shown in Figure 2.2, where the same point Z ¼ X þ jY is identified by having radius R (length of the vector from origin to the point) with angle O specified counterclockwise from the positive real axis. Y axis j R -1 W 1 Z = R angle W X axis -j Figure 2.2 Any point Z on the graph may be specified as X þ jY or R with angle O.