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A caller can invoke a service either synchronously or asynchronously. If the caller has to wait until all the processing steps are complete before it can continue, it’s a synchronous process. If the caller can continue before the processing has been completed, it’s an asynchronous process.
The service being invoked can leverage as many threads as it wants to complete the message. The number of threads doesn’t affect whether or not the caller is considered synchronous or asynchronous.