Safari Books Online is a digital library providing on-demand subscription access to thousands of learning resources.
In the previous chapter, you learned more details about how Ethernet LANs perform the functions defined by the two lowest OSI layers. In this chapter, you will learn about how wide-area network (WAN) standards and protocols also implement OSI Layer 1 (physical layer) and Layer 2 (data link layer). The OSI physical layer details are covered, along with three popular WAN data link layer protocols: High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and Frame Relay.