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Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR) works in conjunction with quality of service (QoS) and provides classification based on a wide variety of network applications, including web-based and client applications that dynamically assign TCP or UDP port numbers. This intelligent network classification determines which services the network should provide and QoS levels.
Further details on NBAR can be found at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/technologies/tk543/tk759/technologies_white_paper0900aecd8031b712_ps6616_Products_White_Paper.html.